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Eva Markus
Popular games are not a waste of time, as many may think. Before the introduction of primary school education, the game was the school of children. They learnt everything they needed while playing. Games and toys helped children become cleverer and wiser. In the article, we present a group of games with an object - the games in which an object is produced. Children worked with natural materials and learnt culture techniques better. It can be claimed that this type of play reflected the unity of nature and society. The study deals with the presentation of such unity by the German minority in Hungary.
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Depiction of the Self and contradictory stereotypes of Slovaks and Hungarians in the second half of the 19th century
Ágnes Tamás
This paper presents a comparative analysis of caricatures published in Hungar-ian (Üstökös, Borsszem Jankó), and Slovak (Černokňažník) comic papers in the second half of the 19th century (the analysed volumes are: 1874, 1895–1902). The aim of the analysis is to picture the stereotypes and the ways of depiction of the non-Hungarian national minority groups in caricatures by Hungarians and conversely, the depictions of Hungarians and the prejudices in Slovak caricatures. The author is also interested in autostereotypes that enables to observe the differences between the visual methods of the representation of the " Other " and of the " We " group. Furthermore, the author examines the changes of national stereotypes — paralleling the strengthening of nationalism — during the decades. As the results show, the stereotypes in the comic papers and humorous or ironic images of the " Self " and the " Other " may be connected to the nation building process and the process of shaping " enemies " .
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Karikaturen als Aushandlungsraum der Innen- und Außenpolitik Lettlands 1918-1934 (Cartoons as Sphere of Negotiation of Latvia’s Domestic and Foreign Policy 1918-1934)
Davis Pumpurins
Zeitschrift fuer Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, 2017
Growing overall interest in visual sources both from social sciences and humanities has resulted also in research on cartoons across a range of fields including art history, communication science, history and others. In recent years several aspects of Latvian press cartoons have been studied. The aim of the article is to outline the potential of the political cartoon as a historical source using the examples of several cartoons from periodicals dating from the democratic period (1918-1934) of the Republic of Latvia. During the democratic period there were not only different satirical magazines but also daily newspapers that contained published cartoons, and even well-known Latvian artists worked as cartoonists―among them Rihards Zariņš, Jānis Roberts Tillbergs, Romans Suta, Aleksandra Beļcova and others. A Significant number of the cartoons in periodicals―dealing with both domestic and international politics―offer material for further discussions on the use of cartoons as well as the role of the cartoonist and the newspaper in political communication.
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Die ungarische Tausendjahrfeier in Karikaturen (1896)
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The aim of my study was to examine the depiction of the Hungarian millennium of 1896 and the image of the “other” in Hungarian, Austrian, Slovak and Czech comic. As a result, we can conclude that the Hungarian pulp magazine imaged the grandness of the nation, the Austrian one the better situation in Hungary than in Austria, the Slovak comic paper identified the Hungarians with Jews. Finally, the Slovak and the Czech weeklies emphasized the oppression of the non-Hungarian national groups in Hungary.
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Die ungarische Regierung sieht den Westen im Abstieg und will sich in Richtung Eurasien orientieren. Parallel dazu propagiert sie rechtskonservative Ideen, denen zufolge Ungarn Teil eines eurasischen Zivilisationsraumes sei, der einen Gegensatz zum liberalen Westen bilden soll.
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